Arrinia is a congenital, serious and rare condition in which the baby is born without a nose. Arrhythmia can be diagnosed in the prenatal examination, and delivery is recommended as soon as it is identified so that the risks for the newborn are reduced.
Arrinia can be classified into:
- Arrinia, in which the baby is born without the nasal pyramid, that is, the nose itself; Total arrinia, which is characterized by the absence of the nose and lack of formation of the olfactory system.
As it has no specific cause, arrhythmia has no established treatment, but a tracheostomy is usually performed soon after birth so that a baby can breathe while eating, for example. In addition to the absence of nasal structures, other conditions can be associated, such as malformations of the central nervous system and hypogonadism, which is characterized by decreased production of sex hormones, for example.
Possible causes
Arrinia is an extremely rare condition and is believed to be a multifactorial disease, that is, it depends on genetic and environmental factors to happen.
Regarding genetics, in some cases, inversion or trisomy of chromosome 9 was observed, and in other cases, translocation between chromosomes 3 and 12, with all these genetic changes being determinant for the occurrence of structural changes such as arrhythmia. However, in some cases of arrhythmia, inversion, trisomy or translocation were not observed, which makes the cause of this condition still a reason for research.
Arrhythmia can also occur due to malformation during the development of the fetus, having no relation to genetics.
Associations of arrinia
Some babies are born with the nose, but are not born with the olfactory organs and usually happens in association with other malformations, such as:
- Hypertelorism, which is characterized by malformation of the skull and consequent excessive removal of the eyes; Hypogonadism; Changes in the nervous system; Cryptorchidism, in which there is no descent from the testicles to the scrotum - find out how cryptorchidism is treated; Coloboma of the iris, in which there is a change in the structure that supports the iris, changing its shape. Understand what coloboma is and how to treat it; Microphthalmia, which is a congenital malformation in which one or both eyes are smaller than normal.
The diagnosis of arrhythmia can be made from the second trimester of pregnancy through the ultrasound exam, or after birth by means of computed tomography or magnetic resonance, in which it is verified whether there is complete or partial absence of the nasal structure.
After birth, the baby is intubated via orotracheal and submitted to mechanical ventilation and then tracheostomy can be performed to allow the baby to breathe. In addition, a nasal prosthesis can be used until the baby is old enough to perform a surgical repair that aims to form the nasal structures.
