Retrograde menstruation is a theory that explains the onset of endometriosis that happens when menstrual blood, instead of leaving the uterus through the vagina, goes towards the fallopian tubes and pelvic cavity, spreading without having to go out during menstruation.
Menstrual blood contains cells from the endometrium and when they reach other organs such as ovaries, intestines or bladder they adhere to their walls, grow and bleed during menstruation, causing many pains.
It is normal for some women to have retrograde menstruation without developing endometriosis, as their immune system is able to prevent the growth of endometrial cells in other organs. In some women, menstrual remains are not completely eliminated, leading to the onset of endometriosis.
Symptoms of retrograde menstruation
The symptoms of retrograde menstruation are not always noticed, as it is a natural condition in some women. However, in cases where retrograde menstruation causes endometriosis, symptoms such as:
- Shorter menstruation; Bleeding without normal signs of menstruation such as colic, irritability or swelling; Intense menstrual cramps; Pain in the bottom of the belly during menstruation; Infertility.
The diagnosis of retrograde menstruation is made by the gynecologist by observing the symptoms and exams such as endovaginal ultrasound and the CA-125 blood test.
Treatment of retrograde menstruation
The treatment of retrograde menstruation can be done with the use of ovulation-inhibiting drugs or the birth control pill. When retrograde menstruation is associated with endometriosis, its treatment may include the use of anti-inflammatory drugs and pain relievers to relieve the symptoms of the disease.
In some cases, it may be necessary to induce menopause to control endometriosis or perform surgery to correct problems in the fallopian tubes by preventing the backflow of menstrual blood into the abdominal region.
