Hyperkalaemia, also called hyperkalemia, corresponds to an increase in the amount of potassium circulating in the blood, with a concentration above the reference value, which is between 3.5 and 5.5 mEq / L. The increase in the amount of potassium in the blood it can result in some complications like muscle weakness, change in heart rate and difficulty breathing.
High potassium in the blood can have several causes, however it happens mainly as a consequence of kidney problems, because the kidneys regulate the entry and exit of potassium in cells. In addition to kidney problems, hyperkalaemia can happen as a result of hyperglycemia, congestive heart failure or metabolic acidosis.
The measurement of potassium in the blood is usually requested together with the measurement of sodium and tests that evaluate the functioning of the kidneys, such as the urea and creatinine tests. In addition, to investigate the cause of hyperkalemia and to check if there is any risk of complications for the patient, the doctor may request an electrocardiogram to check for changes in the functioning of the heart.
Hyperkalaemia Symptoms
The increase in the amount of potassium in the blood can lead to the appearance of some nonspecific signs and symptoms, which is why it is important to evaluate it together with the results of other tests ordered, in addition to the result of the electrocardiogram. In general, the person may experience chest pain, change in heartbeat, feeling of numbness or tingling, in addition to weakness and / or paralysis of the muscles.
In addition, there may be nausea, vomiting, difficulty breathing and mental confusion. When presenting these symptoms, the person should seek medical help as soon as possible to perform blood and urine tests and, if necessary, initiate appropriate treatment.
The normal potassium value in the blood is between 3.5 and 5.5 mEq / L, with values above 5.5 mEq / L indicative of hyperkalaemia. See more about potassium.
Causes of high potassium
Hyperkalemia can happen as a consequence of several situations, such as:
- Insulin deficiency; Hyperglycemia; Metabolic acidosis; Chronic infections; Acute renal failure; Chronic renal failure; Congestive heart failure; Nephrotic syndrome; Cirrhosis.
In addition, the increase in the amount of potassium in the blood may happen due to the use of some medications, after blood transfusions or after radiation therapy.
How is the treatment
The treatment for hyperkalemia is done according to the cause of the change, and the use of medications in a hospital environment may be indicated. Severe cases not treated immediately can lead to cardiac arrest and brain or other organ damage.
When high potassium in the blood occurs as a result of renal failure or use of medications such as calcium gluconate and diuretics, for example, hemodialysis may be indicated.
To prevent hyperkalaemia, in addition to taking medications, it is important for the patient to have the habit of consuming little salt in their diet, also avoiding their substitutes such as spice cubes, which are also rich in potassium. When the person has a small increase in potassium in the blood, a good home treatment is to drink plenty of water and decrease the consumption of foods rich in potassium, such as nuts, bananas and milk. See a complete list of potassium source foods to avoid.
