The alanine aminotransferase test, also known as ALT or TGP, is a blood test that helps to identify liver damage and disease due to the elevated presence of the enzyme alanine aminotransferase, also called pyruvic glutamic transaminase, in the blood, which is normally found between 7 and 56 U / L of blood.
The enzyme pyruvic transaminase is present inside the liver cells and, therefore, when there is some damage to this organ, caused by a virus or toxic substances, for example, it is common for the enzyme to be released into the bloodstream, leading to an increase your blood test levels, which can mean:
Very high alt
- 10 times higher than normal: it is usually a change caused by an acute hepatitis caused by viruses or the use of some medications. See other causes of acute hepatitis. 100 times higher than normal: it is very common in users of drugs, alcohol or other substances that cause severe liver damage.
High ALT
- 4 times higher than normal: it can be a sign of chronic hepatitis and, therefore, can indicate liver disease such as cirrhosis or cancer, for example.
Despite being a very specific marker for liver damage, this enzyme can also be found in the muscles and the heart in a lesser amount, and an increase in the concentration of this enzyme in the blood can be seen after intense physical exercises, for example. Therefore, to assess the functioning and identify liver damage, the doctor may request the measurement of other enzymes, such as lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and AST or TGO. Learn more about the AST exam.
What to do in case of high ALT
In cases where the pyruvic transaminase test has a high value, it is recommended to consult a hepatologist to assess the person's clinical history and identify what may be the cause of the liver change. The doctor may also order other more specific tests such as hepatitis tests or liver biopsy to confirm the diagnostic hypothesis.
In addition, in cases of high ALT it is also advisable to make an adequate diet for the liver, low in fats and giving preference to cooked foods. Learn how to diet for the liver.
When to take the ALT exam
The alanine aminotransferase test is used to detect liver damage and, therefore, can be recommended for people who have:
- Fat in the liver or are overweight; Excessive tiredness; Loss of appetite; Nausea and vomiting; Swelling of the belly; Dark urine; Yellow skin and eyes.
However, ALT levels may already be high even when the patient does not have any symptoms, making it a great tool to diagnose liver problems early. Thus, the ALT test can also be done when there is a history of exposure to the hepatitis virus, excessive use of alcoholic beverages or the presence of diabetes. Find out what other blood test changes mean.
