- When transfusion is needed
- How blood transfusion is done
- What to do when transfusion is not allowed?
- Possible complications of transfusion
Blood transfusion is a safe procedure in which whole blood, or just some of its constituents, is inserted into the patient's body. A transfusion can be done when you have profound anemia, after an accident or in major surgery, for example.
Although, it is possible to have a whole blood transfusion as when a severe hemorrhage occurs, it is usually more common to have transfusions made only of blood components, such as red blood cells, plasma or platelets for the treatment of anemia or burns, for example. However, in some cases, it may be necessary to make several blood transfusions to meet the needs of the body.
In addition, in the case of scheduled surgeries, it is possible to make an autologous transfusion, which is when blood is drawn before the surgical procedure, to be used, if necessary during surgery.
When transfusion is needed
Blood transfusion can only be done when the blood type between the donor and the patient is compatible and is indicated in cases such as:
- Deep anemia; Severe hemorrhage; 3rd degree burns; Hemophilia; After bone marrow or other organ transplantation.
In addition, blood transfusions are also widely used when severe bleeding occurs during surgery. Learn all about blood types to better understand the concept of blood compatibility.
How blood transfusion is done
In order to be able to undergo a blood transfusion it is necessary to take a blood sample to check the blood type and values, to decide if the patient is able to start the transfusion and how much blood will be needed.
The procedure to receive the blood can take up to 3 hours, depending on the amount of blood needed and also the component that will be transfused. For example, red blood cell transfusion may take longer because it must be done very slowly, and usually the volume required is large, while the plasma, despite being thicker, is generally needed in smaller quantities and may take less time.
Having a blood transfusion does not hurt and when the transfusion is done outside of surgery, the patient can usually eat, read, talk or listen to music while receiving the blood, for example.
Find out how the blood donation process works in the following video:
What to do when transfusion is not allowed?
In the case of people with beliefs or religions that prevent transfusion, as in the case of Jehovah's Witnesses, one can opt for self-transfusion, especially in the case of scheduled surgeries, in which blood is drawn from the person himself before surgery so that then it can be used during the procedure.
Possible complications of transfusion
Blood transfusions are very safe, so the risk of getting AIDS or hepatitis is very low. However, in some cases, it can cause allergic reactions, lung edema, heart failure or changes in blood potassium levels. Thus, all transfusions must be performed at the hospital with the evaluation of the medical team.
Learn more at: Blood transfusion risks.
