Diverticulosis, or diverticular disease, is an intestinal disease characterized by the formation of diverticula, which are small pockets, in the intestinal mucosa. Diverticula are formed when points on the wall of the intestine are fragile and end up being thrown out due to intestinal contractions.
These small pockets can vary from 2.5 mm to 2.5 cm, usually appear in the final part of the large intestine and, generally, do not cause symptoms, however, when they ignite or infect they give rise to the so-called diverticulitis. Learn how to identify and treat diverticulitis.
Diverticulosis can manifest itself in both men and women, most frequently above the age of 60, being rare in people under the age of 40, and usually arises due to a diet low in fiber.
How to identify
Uncomplicated diverticulosis does not cause symptoms, however, if there is a rupture of the diverticula, there may be bleeding in the stool. When there is inflammation or bacterial infection, there may be colic-type abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting or fever, which characterizes diverticulitis.
Anyone can develop diverticulosis, which is a more common disease in the elderly, and its causes are mainly related to intestinal malfunction and, therefore, it is common for people with diverticulosis to have:
- Constipation; Abdominal bloating; Diet low in fiber and rich in red meat and fat; Sedentary lifestyle.
In addition, people who smoke may be at greater risk for the formation of diverticula, as smoking can favor the fragility of the intestinal walls.
How the diagnosis is made
Diverticulosis can appear and remain for many years without causing symptoms and without being discovered, so it is often seen accidentally, in a routine colonoscopy, for example.
However, when there is a complication of the disease, with bleeding or progression to diverticulitis, tests such as ultrasound or tomography of the abdomen may be necessary to assess the level of abdominal involvement and to plan the best type of treatment.
How to treat
The treatment for diverticulosis is done mainly with a diet rich in fiber, present in fruits and vegetables. Fiber-rich food supplements, such as Metamucil, can also be helpful in improving bowel function.
In addition, in case of colic, the use of anti-spasmodics and pain relievers, such as Butylscopolamine and Paracetamol can be useful to relieve symptoms. Check out what are the main treatment options for diverticulosis.
However, if there is diverticulitis, the use of antibiotics and a dietary restriction may be necessary to rest the intestine. In more severe cases, recurring crises or complications, surgery may be indicated, consisting of the removal of the part of the intestine where the diverticula are located. Also, check out the main ways of treating diverticulitis.
