Corticosteroids, also known as corticosteroids or cortisone, are hormones produced by the adrenal glands that have a potent anti-inflammatory action, and are therefore widely used in the treatment of chronic problems such as asthma, allergies, rheumatoid arthritis, lupus, cases kidney transplant or dermatological problems, for example.
There are several types of corticosteroids, which are used according to each problem and which include:
- Topical corticosteroids: creams, ointments, gels or lotions used to treat allergic reactions or skin diseases, such as seborrheic dermatitis, atopic dermatitis, hives or eczema. Examples: hydrocortisone, betamethasone, mometasone or dexamethasone. Oral corticosteroids: tablets or oral solutions used in the treatment of various endocrine, musculoskeletal, rheumatic, collagen, dermatological, allergic, ophthalmic, respiratory, hematological, neoplastic and other diseases. Examples: prednisone or deflazacorte. Injectable corticosteroids: indicated to treat cases of musculoskeletal disorders, allergic and dermatological conditions, collagen diseases, palliative treatment of malignant tumors, among others. Examples: dexamethasone, betamethasone. Inhaled corticosteroids: are devices used to treat asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and other respiratory allergies. Examples: fluticasone, budesonide. Corticosteroids in nasal spray: they are used to treat rhinitis and severe nasal congestion. Examples: fluticasone, mometasone.
In addition, there are also corticosteroids in eye drops, for application to the eye, with prednisolone or dexamethasone, for example, which can be used in the treatment of ophthalmic problems, such as conjunctivitis or uveitis, reducing inflammation, irritation and redness.
Side effects
Side effects of corticosteroids are more common in cases of prolonged use and include:
- Tiredness and insomnia; Increased blood sugar levels; Changes in the immune system, which may decrease the body's ability to fight infections; Agitation and nervousness; Increased appetite; Poor digestion; Stomach ulcer; Inflammation of the pancreas and esophagus; Allergic reactions Cataracts, increased intraocular pressure and protruding eyes.
Learn about other side effects caused by corticosteroids.
Who should not use
The use of corticosteroids is contraindicated in patients with hypersensitivity to the substance and other components that are present in the formulas and in people with systemic fungal infections or uncontrolled infections.
In addition, corticosteroids should be used with caution in people with hypertension, heart failure, renal failure, osteoporosis, epilepsy, gastroduodenal ulcer, diabetes, glaucoma, obesity or psychosis, and should only be used under the doctor's guidance in these cases.
Is it safe to use during pregnancy?
The use of corticosteroids in pregnancy is not recommended, as it may endanger the baby or the mother. Thus, the use of corticosteroids in the treatment of diseases in pregnant women should only be done under the guidance of the obstetrician and when the benefits outweigh the potential risks.
