Cervical conization is a minor surgery in which a cone-shaped piece of the cervix is removed to be evaluated in the laboratory. Thus, this procedure serves to perform a biopsy of the cervix when there is any change identified through the preventive, confirming or missing the diagnosis of cancer, but it can also serve as a treatment if it removes all the affected tissue.
In addition, this procedure can also be done on women with symptoms similar to cervical cancer, such as abnormal bleeding, constant pelvic pain or a foul-smelling discharge, even if there are no visible tissue changes.
See a more complete list of possible cervical cancer symptoms.
How is the surgery done
The cervical conization surgery is quite simple and quick, lasting approximately 15 minutes. The uterus is conized in the gynecologist's office under local anesthesia and, therefore, it does not hurt and the woman can return home on the same day, without needing to be hospitalized.
During the examination, the woman is placed in a gynecological position and the doctor places the speculum to observe the cervix. Then, using a small laser or a device similar to a scalpel, the doctor takes a sample of about 2 cm, which will be analyzed in the laboratory. Finally, some compresses are inserted into the vagina to stop the bleeding, which must be removed before the woman returns home.
How is recovery
Although the surgery is relatively quick, recovery from conization can take up to 1 month to complete and, during this period, the woman must avoid intimate contact with the partner and rest for at least 7 days, lying down and avoiding lifting weights.
During the postoperative period of uterine conization, it is normal for small dark bleeds to occur and, therefore, should not be an alarm signal. However, women should always be on the lookout for signs of a possible infection such as a foul smell, yellowish or greenish discharge, and fever. If these symptoms are present, go to the hospital or go back to the doctor.
The most intense physical exercise, such as cleaning the house or going to the gym, should only be returned after about 4 weeks, or according to the doctor's instructions.
Possible complications
The main complication after a conization is the risk of bleeding, so, even after returning home, the woman should be aware of the appearance of profuse bleeding and bright red color, as it may indicate bleeding. In addition, other possible risks include:
In addition, the risk of infection is also quite high after conization. Therefore, women should be alert to signs such as:
- Greenish or smelly vaginal discharge; Pain in the lower belly area; Discomfort or itching in the vaginal area; Fever above 38ºC.
Another possible complication of cervical conization is the development of cervical insufficiency during pregnancy. This causes the woman to have her cervix reduced or open, causing dilation that can lead to miscarriage or premature labor, putting the baby's life at risk. Learn more details about uterine failure.
