Cholesterol is a type of fat present in the body that is essential for its proper functioning. Basically, there are 2 types of cholesterol, the good one, also called HDL, and the bad cholesterol or LDL.
Both types of cholesterol must be found circulating in the blood for the body to be able to function properly, however when the amount of HDL is low or that of LDL is very high, the risk of developing cardiovascular disease increases. So it is important that blood cholesterol levels are checked periodically as directed by the doctor.
Good cholesterol - HDL
HDL, also called High Density Lipoprotein or good cholesterol, works by removing fat molecules, including bad cholesterol, and taking them to the liver, where they are metabolized and eliminated from the body. Thus, HDL prevents the accumulation of fat in blood vessels, preventing the occurrence of cardiovascular diseases, such as atherosclerosis or infarction, for example.
Thus, it is recommended that HDL values are above 40 mg / dL in both men and women to prevent disease. To improve the levels of HDL cholesterol in the blood it is recommended that foods rich in this type of cholesterol be consumed, such as avocado, nuts, peanuts, salmon and sardines, for example. Check out some tips to increase good cholesterol.
Bad cholesterol - LDL
LDL, also called Low Density Lipoprotein or bad cholesterol, is important for the proper functioning of the body, as it helps in the process of hormone formation. However, when LDL values are high, the risk of cardiovascular disease increases, as it promotes the oxidation of fat cells and, thus, favors the formation of plaques within blood vessels.
It is important that the LDL levels are monitored and that the person practices physical activity and avoid consuming fried foods, soft drinks and very fatty foods, for example, to avoid increasing the circulating amount of bad cholesterol. Learn how to lower LDL levels.
Cholesterol reference values
The reference values for good and bad cholesterol are:
- Good cholesterol (HDL): the ideal is that it is above 60 mg / dL, however values above 40 mg / dL are already considered good; Bad cholesterol (LDL): the ideal is that it is below 130 mg / dL. In people who smoke, have high blood pressure, diabetes, obesity or arrhythmia, for example, it is recommended that the maximum LDL value be 100 mg / dL.
Cholesterol levels should be evaluated by the doctor by performing a blood test, which in addition to checking HDL and LDL levels, informs the triglyceride and total cholesterol levels. See more about what cholesterol is and reference values.
In order to maintain adequate cholesterol levels, it is important to eat healthy, low in fat and sugar, and to avoid sedentary living by exercising regularly. In some cases, your doctor may recommend using cholesterol-lowering drugs.
Watch the following video and learn how to keep your cholesterol levels healthy:
